How is "active learning" best defined?

Active learning is best defined as any instructional method that engages students in the learning process. This approach encourages participation and collaboration, allowing students to actively construct knowledge rather than passively absorb information. Techniques such as group discussions, problem-solving exercises, peer teaching, and hands-on activities are common in active learning environments. These methods foster critical thinking, enhance retention, and promote deeper understanding by involving students in the learning experience.

The other definitions provided do not accurately capture the essence of active learning. Passive forms of knowledge acquisition do not engage students actively, and are contrary to the interactive nature of active learning. Memorization techniques and strict reliance on lectures also do not encompass the broader range of practices that define an active learning environment.